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(2019·南通七市模拟)One of the primary problems of being a human being is: Try as you might to come across in a certain way to others, people often perceive (感知、理解) you in an altogether different way.
One person may think, for example, that by offering help to a colleague, she is coming across as generous. But her colleague may interpret her offer as a lack of faith in his abilities. Just as he misunderstands her, she misunderstands him: She offered him help because she thought he was overworked and stressed. He has, after all, been showing up early to work and going home late every day. But that's not why he's keeping strange hours; he just works best when the office is less crowded.
These kinds of misunderstandings lead to conflict and resentment (怨恨) not just at work, but at home too. How many fights between couples have started with one person misinterpreting what another says and does? He stares at his plate at dinner while she's telling a story and she assumes he doesn't care about what she's saying, when really he is admiring the beautiful meal she made.
Most of the time, Halvorson says, people don't realize they are not coming across the way they think they are.“If I ask you，”Halvorson told me，“about how you see yourself — what traits (特点) you would say describe you — and I ask someone who knows you well to list your traits, there's a big gap between how other people see us and how we see ourselves.”
This gap arises from some quirks (习惯) of human psychology. Most people suffer from what psychologists call “the transparency illusion” — the belief that what they feel, desire, and intend is crystal clear to others, even though they have done very little to communicate clearly what is going on inside their minds.
Because the perceived assume they are transparent, they might not spend the time or effort to be as clear and forthcoming about their intentions or emotional states as they could be, giving the perceiver very little information with which to make an accurate judgment. The perceiver, meanwhile, is dealing with two powerful psychological forces that are warping (歪曲) his ability to read others accurately.
Chances are that your “I'm kind of hurt by what you just said” face probably looks an awful lot like your “I'm not at all hurt by what you just said” face. And the majority of times that you've said to yourself，“I made my intentions clear，”or “He knows what I meant，” you didn't and he doesn't.
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Passage outline
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Supporting details
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A primary
problem
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People's understanding of your behavior often (1)________ your original intention.
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Typical
(2)________
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◆A colleague may feel you don't (3)________ him to work well when you offer generous help.
◆You think your colleague overworks, but he believes he can be more (4)________ when left alone at office after work.
◆A wife may feel angry about her husband being absentminded while she is telling a story at dinner, but actually his (5)________ is on what she has cooked.
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(6)________
of the problem
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◆Most of the time, people don't realize the problem.
◆Your (7)________ of your traits is quite different from how others see you.
◆Most people believe others know them well, so they tend to ignore the clear (8)________ of what is going on inside their minds.
◆Without enough information about the perceived, the perceiver often (9)________ to make an accurate judgment.
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Conclusion
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It is likely that there is a (10)________ between what you think you are and what others think you are.
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语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在自我认知与别人对我们的看法之间总是存在着差距，本文围绕这一问题展开了论述。
1．contradicts 第一段中提到了人们对你的看法和你对自己的看法完全不一样。contradict “与……相矛盾”。
2．examples 表格的右栏的colleague, wife 都是论证核心论点的案例，而且typical example(s) 是一个固定搭配，表示“典型案例”。
3．trust 第二段第二句提到“But her colleague may interpret her offer as a lack of faith in his abilities.”此处a lack of faith 替换成don't trust。
4．efficient/productive 根据第二段最后一句“he just works best when the office is less crowded”可知，他觉得自己在办公室人少的时候工作效率是最高的。
5．attention/focus/concentration/mind 根据第三段的最后一句“he is admiring the beautiful meal she made”可知，丈夫的心思聚焦于妻子的完美厨艺，也就是his attention/focus/concentration
/mind is on sth.。
6．Analysis/Analyses/Explanation(s) 右栏是对认知差距的分析或解释。
7．description/account/understanding/recognition/knowledge/comprehension 第四段第二句提到“what traits you would say describe you”，此处describe转换成description。
8．communication 根据第五段最后一句可知，空处communicate clearly 被转换为clear communication。
9．fails 根据第六段的“... giving the perceiver very little information with which to make an accurate judgment.”可知，因为所给的信息太少，以至于不能做出准确判断。fail to意为“不能”。
10．gap/distance/difference/distinction 这篇文章采用了首尾呼应，第一段出现了“in an altogether different way”，最后一段出现了“you didn't and he doesn't”，所以你传达的信息和接受者接收到的信息之间存在着差异。
