考点一 引导名词性从句的连接词
1.连接代词who,whose,whom,what,which及wh-ever等
它们有词义,在从句中作成分。what∕whatever指物,作主语、宾语、 定语、表语;who∕whoever指人,在从句中作主语、宾语;whom∕whomever指人,在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语;which∕whichever指人或物,在从句中作定语、主语、宾语。带-ever的连接词意义上有“任何……”之意。
What I want to know is the price of the bike.
我想知道的就是自行车的价格。
You can buy whatever you need in the shop.
在这家商店你能买到任何你需要的东西。
whoever,whatever,wherever...等引导的从句不仅是句子的语气加强了,而且此类词引导的句子表示让步和泛指的概念,而who,what,where...等引导的句子表示具体的概念。如:
What he said is right.
他所说的是对的。(特指他这次所说的事情)
Whatever he said is right.
无论他说什么都是对的。
此处,whatever= anything what,表示泛指和让步,意为“无论他说什么”。
Who will do it is not decided.
谁去做这件事还没有确定。(指一次具体的动作)
Whoever does it will be punished.
无论谁做了这件事,都要受到惩罚。
(此处特别强调“无论是谁”)
wh-ever这类词引导名词性从句时,不能用no matter+who∕what∕which...代替。
2.连接副词when,where,why,how等
它们有词义,在句中作状语。when表时间,why表原因,where表地点,how表方式、程度。
This is why I came here.
这是我来这儿的原因。
I have no idea where he went.
我不知道他去了哪里。
I don’t know when I will see her again.
我不知道何时才能再见到她。
He showed us his way how he worked out that problem.
他向我们展示了他计算那道题的方法。
3.从属连词that,whether,if
(1)that无词义,在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。引导宾语从句时可省略,引导其他名词性从句时不能省略。
I heard (that) he won the first prize.
我听说他得了一等奖。
My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion about this matter.
我的建议是讨论一下这件事。
She expressed the hope that she would come to China one day.
她表达了有一天要来中国的愿望。
(2)whether和if表示“是否”,但在从句中只起连接作用,不作句子成分。除在宾语从句中常可互换外,主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句一般由whether连接。
Whether they would support us was a problem.
他们是否会支持我们还是个问题。
4.as if∕as though 引导的表语从句
as if∕as though 引导的表语从句常跟在be 动词,seem,look,taste,sound,feel,appear 等动词之后。从句可以用陈述语气,也可以用虚拟语气。
The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.
浓雾笼罩着整座城市。好像把一个巨大的黑毯子覆盖到它的上面。
It seems as if it is going to rain.
看上去好像要下雨了。
此处使用陈述语气而非虚拟语气。
5.because,why 引导的表语从句
because,why 也可引导表语从句,但because 引导的表语从句,主语不能是reason 或cause (该结构常用that 引导)。
常用于以下句型:
China is developing fast.That’s why I think those of my colleagues who deal with China affairs should visit China.
中国在飞速发展,这就是我为什么认为我的那些跟中国打交道的同事应该访问中国。
The reason why he didn’t pass the exam was that he was too careless.
他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。