1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike.
解析： 考查定语从句。本句主句为倒装句，主语an artist为先行词，后接定语从句，空处与其后名词paintings之间构成所属关系，故用whose。
答案： whose
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
解析： 考查定语从句。先行词是spot，后跟定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。
答案： where
3．(2020·北京卷)Some university students carried out a campaign ________they spent their whole day without cell phones.
解析： 考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为campaign，空格处在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
答案： where
4．(2019·北京卷)The students benefitting most from college are those________ are totally engaged (参与)in academic life，taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources(资源).
解析： 考查定语从句的引导词。先行词为those，指大学生们，故用who引导定语从句，who在从句中作主语。关系代词that可以指人，填that也可以。
答案： who/that
